In many ways, nature has not treated Japan kindly. In fact, few countries face more geographical and environmental obstacles than does Japan. Its location off the eastern edge of Asia isolates the country from the rest of the world. Japan faces the challenge of extreme fragmentation. The archipelago, or chain of islands, includes four major islands—Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu—and thousands of smaller ones (3,413 by one count!). To further complicate its geographical distribution,the islands lie scattered along a southwest-northeast axis spanning nearly 3,000 miles (4,800 kilometers). Providing transportation among the islands is difficult and costly. Fragmented countries often suffer from conflicting cultures and can be very difficult to govern. The natural environment also poses many economic challenges. It offers few natural resources to support the country’s huge industrial economy.Approximately 95 percent of all environmental resources (metals, fuels, wood, and so f...